Who Is A Nigerian Citizen: Understanding the Complex Definition

Being a Nigerian citizen is not just about being born in Nigeria or having Nigerian parents. The definition of a Nigerian citizen is much more complex and requires a deeper understanding of the country's laws and policies. In this article, we will explore the various criteria for obtaining Nigerian citizenship and the benefits and responsibilities that come with it.

What is Nigerian Citizenship?

Nigerian citizenship is the legal status of being a member of the Nigerian state. It is a status that confers certain rights, privileges, and responsibilities to individuals. Nigerian citizenship is acquired through birth, descent, marriage or naturalization.

Types of Nigerian Citizenship

There are two types of Nigerian citizenship: by birth and by descent.

Citizenship by Birth

Citizenship by birth is acquired when an individual is born within the territory of Nigeria. This means that if a child is born in Nigeria, they are automatically considered a Nigerian citizen, irrespective of their parents' citizenship status.

Citizenship by Descent

Citizenship by descent is acquired when an individual is born outside of Nigeria to Nigerian parents. This is also known as jus sanguinis, which is a Latin term that means "right of blood." Citizenship by descent is based on the principle that a child's citizenship should be determined by the nationality of their parents.

How to Obtain Nigerian Citizenship

There are several ways to obtain Nigerian citizenship, and they include:

Naturalization

Naturalization is the process of obtaining Nigerian citizenship by someone who is not Nigerian by birth or descent. To be eligible for naturalization, an individual must have lived in Nigeria for a minimum of 15 years and must have been a resident in Nigeria for at least 12 months immediately before the application. The individual must also be of good character and must be able to speak and write in English.

Marriage

Nigerian citizenship can also be obtained through marriage. If a foreigner marries a Nigerian citizen, they can apply for Nigerian citizenship after being married for a minimum of two years. The foreigner must also have lived in Nigeria for at least one year before applying for citizenship.

Registration

Individuals who were once Nigerian citizens but lost their citizenship can apply for Nigerian citizenship through registration. They must meet certain criteria, such as having lived in Nigeria for a minimum of 12 months before applying for citizenship.

Benefits of Nigerian Citizenship

Being a Nigerian citizen comes with several benefits, and they include:

Right to Vote

Nigerian citizens have the right to vote in elections and participate in the country's democratic process.

Access to Social Services

Nigerian citizens have access to social services such as healthcare, education, and social welfare.

Right to Work

Nigerian citizens have the right to work in Nigeria without the need for a work permit.

Right to Own Property

Nigerian citizens have the right to own property in Nigeria and can also inherit property from their family members.

Responsibilities of Nigerian Citizenship

Being a Nigerian citizen also comes with responsibilities, and they include:

Obeying the Law

All Nigerian citizens are required to obey the laws of the country, failure to which can result in legal consequences.

Paying Taxes

Nigerian citizens are required to pay taxes on their income, properties, and any other taxable assets.

Serving in the Military

All Nigerian citizens between the ages of 18 and 30 are required to serve in the military if called upon to do so.

Dual Citizenship in Nigeria

Nigeria does not recognize dual citizenship, which means that if an individual obtains Nigerian citizenship, they must renounce their previous citizenship. However, the Nigerian government has recently relaxed this policy, and individuals who obtain Nigerian citizenship can now hold dual citizenship with certain countries.

Conclusion

In conclusion, being a Nigerian citizen is not just about having Nigerian parents or being born in the country. There are several criteria for obtaining Nigerian citizenship, and it comes with certain benefits and responsibilities. As Nigeria continues to evolve, its citizenship laws are also changing, and it is important for individuals to stay informed about the latest developments.